TIMELINE
Sources
Where every date and every figure was checked, chapter by chapter. The plates are our own diagrams, drawn from them.
Chapter IShadow and Sky
- NIST: A Walk Through Time, Early Clocksnist.gov
- Wikipedia: Sexagesimalen.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Houren.wikipedia.org
- Ägyptisches Museum Berlin, ÄM 19744: shadow clock of Thutmose IIIsmb.museum-digital.de
- History of Science Museum, Oxford: The oldest sundialscabinet.ox.ac.uk
- Vitruvius, De architectura IX.7–8 (Perseus)fgh.perseids.org
Chapter IIWater, Fire and Sand
- Wikipedia: Water clocken.wikipedia.org
- IFAO, Karnak Cachette: CK 937, clepsydra of Amenhotep III (Cairo JE 37525)ifao.egnet.net
- McMaster, Ancient Egyptian Astronomy: WCO 1, the Karnak water clockaea.mcmaster.ca
- Egypt Museum: Clepsydra of Karnakegypt-museum.com
- Vitruvius, De architectura IX.8 (Perseus)fgh.perseids.org
- Wikipedia: Candle clocken.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Asseren.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Su Songen.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Hourglassen.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: The Allegory of Good and Bad Governmenten.wikipedia.org
- Science Museum Group: Good Government, oil painting replicacollection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk
Chapter IIIThe Escapement
- Wikipedia: Verge escapementen.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Salisbury Cathedral clocken.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Houren.wikipedia.org
- Wilson Quarterly: History of the Hour, Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders (review)wilsonquarterly.com
- Wikipedia: Richard of Wallingforden.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Striking clocken.wikipedia.org
- Lapham’s Quarterly: In 1339, the clock strikes for the Duke of Milanlaphamsquarterly.org
- Wikipedia: Astrarium of Giovanni Dondi dall’Orologioen.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Prague astronomical clocken.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Pendulum clocken.wikipedia.org
Chapter IVTime in the Pocket
- Wikipedia: Fusee (horology)en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Peter Henleinen.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Watchen.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Pocket watchen.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Verge escapementen.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Pendulum clocken.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Pendulumen.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Swiss watchmaking industryen.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Waistcoaten.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Anchor escapementen.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Balance springen.wikipedia.org
Chapter VLongitude
- Wikipedia: Scilly naval disaster of 1707en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: John Harrisonen.wikipedia.org
- Royal Museums Greenwich: H1 (ZAA0034)rmg.co.uk
- Royal Museums Greenwich: H2 (ZAA0035)rmg.co.uk
- Royal Museums Greenwich: H3 (ZAA0036)rmg.co.uk
- Royal Museums Greenwich: H4 (ZAA0037)rmg.co.uk
- Royal Museums Greenwich: Longitude found, the story of Harrison’s clocksrmg.co.uk
- Wikipedia: Marine chronometeren.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Longitude Act 1714en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Pierre Le Royen.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: The Nautical Almanacen.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Lunar distance (navigation)en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Larcum Kendallen.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Pendulum clocken.wikipedia.org
Chapter VIThe Age of Genius
- Wikipedia: Abraham-Louis Bregueten.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Tourbillonen.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Lever escapementen.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Automatic watchen.wikipedia.org
- Breguet: Invention of the gong-spring and creation of Breguet hands and numeralsbreguet.com
- Breguet, Quai de l’Horloge no. 10: The “Marie-Antoinette” watch No. 160breguet.com
- Wikipedia: Marie Antoinette (watch)en.wikipedia.org
- Revolution: The original archive record of the Breguet Queen of Naplesrevolutionwatch.com
- WorldTempus: The 200th anniversary of the first wristwatchen.worldtempus.com
Chapter VIIIndustry and Railways
- Circuitous Root: Leschot pantographs (after Chapuis & Chapuis)circuitousroot.com
- Wikipedia: Vacheron Constantinen.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Patek Philippeen.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Adrien Philippeen.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: A. Lange & Söhneen.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Railway timeen.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Waltham Watch Companyen.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Longinesen.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: International Meridian Conferenceen.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Standard timeen.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Kipton, Ohioen.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Ball Watch Companyen.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Riefler escapementen.wikipedia.org
Chapter VIIIThe Wrist
- Wikipedia: Watchen.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Cartier Santosen.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Cartier Tanken.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: John Harwood (watchmaker)en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Rolex Oysteren.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Mercedes Gleitzeen.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Jaeger-LeCoultreen.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Patek Philippe Henry Graves Supercomplicationen.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Shortt–Synchronome clocken.wikipedia.org
Chapter IXInstruments of Adventure
- Wikipedia: Zenith (watchmaker)en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: TAG Heueren.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Seikoen.wikipedia.org
- The Hour Markers: Seiko’s 6139 Speedtimer in the race for the first automatic chronographthehourmarkers.com
- Plus9Time: 50th anniversary of the first automatic chronograph, Seiko’s 6139plus9time.com
- Analog/Shift: Ahead of its time, the Seiko 6139analogshift.com
- Gear Patrol: 1969 was a watershed year in watchesgearpatrol.com
- Wikipedia: Blancpainen.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Rolex Submarineren.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Hamilton Electric 500en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Accutronen.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Omega Speedmasteren.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Earthriseen.wikipedia.org
- Science Museum Group: Caesium atomic clock, 1955collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk
Chapter XThe Quartz Storm
- Wikipedia: Quartz crisisen.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Quartz clocken.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Astron (wristwatch)en.wikipedia.org
- Smithsonian, National Museum of American History: Seiko quartz wristwatchsi.edu
- Wikipedia: Royal Oak (watch)en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Swatchen.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: G-Shocken.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Quartzen.wikipedia.org
- Epson: Seiko Quartz Astron 35SQcorporate-origin.epson.biz
Chapter XIThe Mechanical Renaissance
- Wikipedia: Coaxial escapementen.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Jean-Claude Biveren.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Patek Philippe Calibre 89en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: A. Lange & Söhneen.wikipedia.org
- Monochrome Watches: the Lange 1 collectionmonochrome-watches.com
- Wikipedia: F.P. Journeen.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Philippe Dufouren.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Spring Driveen.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Ulysse Nardinen.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Richard Milleen.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: COSCen.wikipedia.org
Chapter XIINow
- NIST: Primary frequency standards, NIST-F1nist.gov
- Wikipedia: NIST-F1en.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: Louis Essenen.wikipedia.org
- Robb Report: the Grandmaster Chime 6300A, the most expensive watch sold (2019)robbreport.com.my
- Wikipedia: Apple Watchen.wikipedia.org
- The National (AFP): Apple Watch outsells the entire Swiss watch industry in 2019thenationalnews.com
- Wikipedia: Galileo (satellite navigation)en.wikipedia.org
- Vacheron Constantin: Les Cabinotiers, the Berkley Grand Complicationpresslounge.vacheron-constantin.com
- BIPM: Resolution 5 of the 28th CGPM (2026)bipm.org
- Wikipedia: Leap seconden.wikipedia.org
- Wikipedia: NIST-F2en.wikipedia.org
- University of Colorado: JILA strontium atomic clock sets new records (2015)colorado.edu